Question: What is the truth about the stance of Ahlus-Sunnah-wal-Jamah with regards to the Khurooj (rebellion) of Al-Husayn bin Ali (رضي الله عنه) against Yazeed bin Muawiyah? Was it right or wrong on his part to do so? And is it right to call the actions of Al-Husayn as Khurooj (rebellion)?
Answer: Alhamdulillah wa Salallahu wa Sallam ‘Ala Muhammad, Amma ba’d,
And what is known with regards to the account of Al-Husayn ibn Ali’s (رضي الله عنه) leaving from Makkah to Iraq, is that he had received letters from the people of Iraq, inviting him to pledge allegiance (at his hands) and seek their support against the injustice inflicted upon them by Ubaidullah ibn Ziyad [*1].
They pursuaded Al-Husayn to join them, however the people of Iraq betrayed him. And he had been advised about this matter (to not leave towards Iraq) by some of the companions in Makkah, such as Ibn Umar, Ibn Abbas, and others (رضي الله عنهم) . They bid him farewell with poetic verses, indicating that he would be killed. [*2]
And this is an evidence that they indeed saw that his (Al-Husayn’s) Khurooj (rebellion) was a mistake, and it was a (decision based on) Ijtehad on behalf of Al-Husayn, and his desire to uphold justice and remove oppression.
It is not appropriate to label this (Al-Husayn ibn Ali’s actions) as ‘Khurooj’ (rebellion); due to the negative connotation associated with that term when referring to the Khawarij.
And it was considered by Ibn Aqeel, Ibn Al-Jawzi, and Ibn Razeen [*3], from the Hanbali and Al-Juweyni from the Shafi’i scholars, that they considered Al-Husayn’s actions as a form of Khurooj (revolt) against Yazeed ibn Muawiyah. And they used this as an evidence to support the permissibility of revolting against an unjust ruler. [*4]
(However,) the majority of the scholars of Ahlus-Sunnah disagree with this view, and thus consider that what Al-Husayn did was a mistake. The advice of the companions for Al-Husayn not to leave Makkah is supported by clear evidence and is the correct opinion without any doubt. Ibn Taymiyyah (also) mentioned like in Al-Furu’ of Ibn Muflih [*5], and Ibn Al-Qayyim, as in Al-‘Ilam Al-Muq’ieen [*6]: that generally, for most of the Fitan (trials) that occurred in the Muslim Ummah, the greatest reason has beem ‘the revolting against the rulers’.
This (is the thing we need to note), and then it is essential not to delve deeply into the story of Al-Husayn ibn Ali (رضي الله عنه), except to clarify that he indeed (in reality ) acted as a Mujtahid (a scholar capable of independent legal reasoning). Indeed, he did not intend to engage in fighting (against the oppressors) during his departure, and those who fought and killed him were indeed Dhalimeen (unjust people). He was indeed killed as a martyr and was oppressed.
May Allah be pleased with him and grant him His acceptance. It has been said, “The killing of Al-Husayn was a calamity, and we complain about it to Allah Alone. And Allah knows best.”
-by Shaikh Abdur Rahman bin Nasir Al-Barraak, as on 26th/Shawwal/1443 AH.
[*1] Abu Hafs Ubaidullah bin Zeyad bin Ubaid Ameer-ul-Iraq, he was the governor of Basra in 55 AH. He held this position for 22 years. He has a handsome face but and evil character. …. and the Muslims hated him for what he did with Al-Husain (رضي الله عنه). He killed Al-Husain on the day of Ashura on 67 AH. See Tareekh Ad-Dimashq (37/433), Siyar Alam An-Nubala (3/545).
[*2] See Al-Bidayah wan-Nihayah (11/473) (11/494).
[*3] Abdur Rahman bin Razeen bin Abdul Azeez Al-Ghassani Al-Jaurani Ad-Dimashqi Saifuddin Abul-Faraj. He was a virtuous Faqeeh (scholar of Fiqh). From his books: At-Tahzeeb Fee Al-Ikhtisar Al-Mughni, Ikhtisar Al-Hidayah. He died as a martyr (In-Sha-Allah) by the swords of the Tartars (Mongols) in 656 AH. See Zayl Tabaqaat Al-Hanabilah (4/39), and Al-Maqsad Al-Arshad (2/88).
[*4] See: Al-Furu’ of Ibn Muflih (10/180), Al-Insaaf of Al-Mardawi (At-Turki Edition,27/85).
[*5] (10/81).
[*6] Mashoor Edition (5/64).
[Translated by Mohammed Manna.]
Arabic Source: https://sh-albarrak.com/article/23625#:~:text=%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%20%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%BA%D9%8A%20%D8%A3%D9%86%20%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%8E%D9%91%D9%89%20%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%87,%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B0%D8%A7%20%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%20%D8%A3%D9%86%20%D9%85%D8%A7%20%D9%81%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%87
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