Sawal: Main yeh tasdeeq karna chahta hoon ke Abu Jahl ne Makkah mein aik Musalman aurat ko qatal kiya, yeh kahani kya sahi hai, kyun ke maine kuch logon se suna hai ke yeh kahani be buniyad aur zaeef riwayat par mabni hai, jab ke kuch doosray log iska ulta kehte hain.
Jawab: Alhamdulillah. Seerat ke ulema mein yeh maqbool hai ke Abu Jahl, Sumayyah bint Khayyaat, jo Ammar bin Yasir ki walida thi, Radi Allahu anhum, unka qatil tha, aur yeh baat aam tor par mashoor shuda hai ke woh Islam ki pehli shaheedah thi. Unke qatal ke baare mein jo riwayatain hain, woh mursal hain aur muttasil nahi hain.
Ibn Sa’d ne “At-Tabaqaat” (3/176) mein riwayat ki: Unho ne kaha: Jarir bin Abdul-Hameed ne humein Mansur se, jo Mujahid se riwayat karte hain, yeh bataya: “Sabse pehle jo log Islam ka izhar khul kar karte the woh yeh the: Rasool Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam), Abu Bakr, Bilal, Khabbab, Suhaib, Ammar, aur Sumayyah bint Khayyaat, jo Ammar ki walida thi.”Unho ne kaha: “Rasool Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ko unke chacha ne mehfooz rakha [mehfooz rakha, matlab mushrikeen ke zulm se bacha kar rakha]. Aur Abu Bakr ko unki qaum ne bacha liya.”
Aur baaqi sab ko qaid kiya gaya; unhein lohe ki zira pahna kar dhoop mein rakha gaya jab tak ke woh thakan ki intihayi hadd tak na pohanch gaye. Phir unhein woh diya gaya jo unho ne maanga tha. Har ek ke qabeele ke log unke paas mashkizay (water skin) le kar aaye, pani un par daala aur unhe kinare par uthakar le gaye, siwaye Bilal ke.
Sham (evening) ko Abu Jahl aya, Sumayyah ko bura bhala kaha aur unka mazaak udaaya. Phir usne unhein neze se maar kar shaheed kar diya. Woh Islam ki pehli shaheedah thein. Bilal ke siwa (Bilal ko chhod diya gaya) , jo thakan se itne behaal ho gaye ke mushrikeen ko unki parwaah nahi rahi. Unke gale mein rassi bandh kar, bachon ko kaha ke unhe Makkah ke do pahaadon ke darmiyan ghaseet kar le jaayein.
Bilal lagataar kehte rahe: “Ahad, Ahad” (Ek, Ek – Allah ki wahdaniyat ki taraf ishara karte huwe).
Ibn Sa’d ne “At-Tabaqaat Al-Kubra” (8/207-208) mein bhi yeh riwayat ki: Ismail bin Umar Abu Al-Mundhir ne humein bataya; Sufyan Ath-Thawri ne Mansur se riwayat kiya, jo Mujahid se riwayat karte hain: “Islam ki pehli shaheedah Sumayyah thi, jo Ammar ki walida thi. Abu Jahl unke paas aaya aur unhein unke sharmgah par neze se maar kar shaheed kar diya.”
Ibn Katheer (Rahmatullah Alaihi) ne farmaya: “Imam Ahmad ne kaha: Waki’ ne humein Sufyan se, Mansur se, aur Mujahid se riwayat kiya: ‘Islam ki pehli shaheedah Sumayyah thi, jo Ammar ki walida thi. Abu Jahl ne unhein neze se unke sharmgah par maar kar shaheed kiya.’ Yeh ek mursal hadith hai.” (“Al-Bidayah wa Al-Nihayah” (4/147)).
Hafiz Ibn Hajar (Rahmatullah Alaihi) ne kaha: “Ibn Ishaq ne “Al-Maghazi” mein kaha: Mujhe Ammar bin Yasir ke gharane ke logon ne bataya ke Sumayyah, Ammar ki walida, ko Banu Mughirah ke logon ne unke Islam ki wajah se azaab diya aur woh apne deen ko chhodne se inkar karti rahin, jab tak unhein qatal nahi kar diya. Rasool Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) Ammar, unke walid aur walida ke paas se guzarte, jab woh Makkah ki garmi mein azaab sah rahe hote, aur farmate: ‘Sabr karo, Aale-Yasir, tumhara waada Jannat hai.’”
Aur Mujahid ne kaha: “Makkah mein sabse pehle jo log khul kar Islam ka izhar karte the woh yeh the: Rasool Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam), Abu Bakr, Bilal, Khabbab, Suhaib, Ammar, aur Sumayyah. Rasool Allah (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) aur Abu Bakr ko unki qaumein bachati rahi. Baqi logon ko lohe ki zira (armour) pehnai gayi aur dhoop mein rakha gaya. Phir Abu Jahl Sumayyah ke paas aaya aur unhein neze se maar kar shaheed kar diya.”
Isay Abu Bakr bin Abi Shaybah ne riwayat kiya hai, Jarir se, jo Mansur se, aur Mansur Mujahid se riwayat karte hain. Yeh ek mursal hadith hai, lekin iski sanad Sahih hai.
Aur Ibn Sa’d ne bhi ek sahih sanad ke saath Mujahid se riwayat kiya: “Islam ki pehli shaheedah Sumayyah thi, jo Ammar bin Yasir ki walida thi. Woh ek budi aur kamzor aurat thi. Jab Abu Jahl jang-e-Badr ke din qatal kiya gaya tha, to Nabi Kareem (Sallallahu Alaihi Wasallam) ne Ammar se farmaya: ‘Allah us shaks ko qatal kare jisne tumhari maa ko qatal kiya.’” (“Al-Isabah” (13/494-495))
Kholasa (Summary) yeh hai ke Sumayyah ke qatal ka tareeqa aur unke qatil ke mutalliq jo khabar hai, woh ek mursal (munqata) riwayat hai, lekin yeh seerat ke ulema ke darmiyan mashhoor hai. Aisi riwayatein Nabawi seerat aur jangon ke waqiyaat mein qabool ki jati hain, khaaskar jab yeh kisi kisam ki ghair sharii baat par mabni na ho. Quraysh ke har qabeele ne un logon par zulm kiya jo Islam qabool karte aur kamzor tabqe se taluq rakhte. Sumayyah (Razi Allahu Anha), jo Banu Makhzum ki ek ghulam aurat thin, inhi zulm ka shikar huein. Banu Makhzum ke mushrikeen mein sabse zyada dushmanana, zalimana aur takleef dene wala shakhs Abu Jahl tha.
[End of answer. Islamqa.info]
(Tarjuma: From English to Roman Urdu by Fatima Hana bint Mir Hyder Ali.)
Summary by Mohammed bin Thajammul Hussain Manna:
1. Yeh baat bilashuba sahi hai ke Abu Jahl ne Sumayyah bint Khayyaat (Razi Allahu Anha) ko qatal kiya.
2. Yeh kai zaeef sanadon se sabit hai, lekin qareeb hai yaqeen ke, ke Abu Jahl ne unhein unke sharmgah par neze se maar kar shaheed kiya.
3. Woh qisa ke Abu Jahl ne Sumayyah ke pairo ko do oonthon ke saath bandha aur unhein ek dusre se dur bhaga kar unka jisam do hisson mein phaad diya, yeh ghalat hai. Iska kisi zaeef ya maudu sanad ke saath bhi koi hawala nahi milta, na hi Dr. Mahdi Rizqullah ki “As-Seerah An-Nabawiyyah Fee Dau Al-Masadir Al-Asliyyah” mein is ka zikr hai.
Aur Allah hi behtareen jaane wala hai.
Saheehus-Seerah 