Tawheed Al-Asma was-Sifath: Allah ke Naam aur Sifaat ki Tawheed.
Tawheed Al-Asma was-Sifath ka matlab hai Allah ke Naam aur Sifaat ki Wahdaniyat. Yeh us haqeeqat par zor deta hai ke Allah ne apne liye Quran aur sahih Sunnat mein jo be-misal aur kaamil Naam aur Sifaat bayan kiye hain, unko bila tahrif (without changing), bila inkar aur bila kisi makhlooq se tashbeeh (comparison) ke, bil-yaqeen tasleem kiya jaye.
Yeh Tawheed ka aik darja hai jo Allah ke liye ibadat ke haq (Tawheed Al-Uluhiyyah) aur khalq (creation) par uski Rububiyyat (Tawheed Ar-Rububiyyah) ke aqeeday ko complete karta hai.
Tawheed Al-Asma was-Sifath ke Bunyadi Usool
1. Ithbat (Tasdeeq): Musalman Quran aur Nabi Muhammad (Salallahu Alaihi Wa Sallam) ki hadith mein bayan kiye gaye Allah ke har Naam aur Sifat ko tasdeeq karte hain. Masalan, Allah Al-‘Aleem (Har Cheez ka Ilm Rakhnay Wala), Al-Qadeer (Qaadir-e-Mutlaq), aur Ar-Rahman (Bada Reham Wala) hai. Inko haqeeqat ke tor par qabool kiya jata hai, bila kayf (without asking ‘kaise’?) ke sawal ke, kyunke Allah ki zaat insani fehm se paar hai.
2. Allah mein kisi tarha ki kami se Inkaar (Yaani Allah mein koi kami koi kamzori koi aib nahi hai) : Allah har aib se paak hai. Quran (42:11) mein farmaya: “Us jaisa koi nahi”, jo uski kisi makhlooq se mushabihat ko radd karta hai.
3. Majazi (Metaphorical) explanation se Inkaar: Allah ke Naam aur Sifaat ko unke zaahir aur sahih lughavi ma’ani mein samjha jata hai, lekin makhlooq se tashbeeh (comparison) ke baghair. Masalan, Allah ka “Yad” (Haath) ek haqeeqi Sifat hai, lekin insani haathon se bilkul mukhtalif.
Ghaur Talab Points
Aik ahem point Ithbat (agreeing, affirming) aur Inkaar ka tawazun hai. Momin Allah ki Sifaat ko tasdeeq karte hain, lekin sath hi har nuqsaat aur makhlooq se tashbeeh ko naamanzoor karte hain. Masalan, Quran (20:5) mein bayan kiye gaye Allah ke “Arsh par Istiwa” ko tasdeeq kiya jata hai, lekin iski haqeeqi kaifiyat maloom nahi, jaisa ke Salaf (pious predecessors) ne kaha: “Kaise? Yeh samajh se paar hai, lekin haqeeqat ko tasleem karna zaroori hai.” Yeh rawaiya (attitude) tashbeeh (anthropomorphism) aur inkaar dono se bachata hai.
Tawheed Al-Asma was-Sifath mein “Na Karne ke Kaam”
1. Allah ki Sifaat ka Inkaar na karein (Ta’teel): Allah ne apne liye jo Sifaat bayan ki hain (jaise Rehmat ya Ilm waghaira), unko radd karna gunah-e-azeem hai. Yeh uski kamali ko khatam karta hai.
2. Allah ko Makhlooq se Na milayein (Tashbih/Tamtheel): Allah ki Sifaat ko insanon ya makhlooq se tashbeeh dena uski be-misaliyat ke khilaf hai. Woh har hadd se aala hai.
3. Ma’ani ko Badalna nahi (Tahreef): Allah ke Naam ya Sifaat ke ma’ani ko ghuma dena ya alag mana dena (jaise “Yad” ko “qudrat” ka mana dena, aur ‘hand’ ka mana nahi dena) ilahi haqeeqat ko insani gumaan se badal deta hai.
4. “Kaise?” ke Sawal na karein (Takyeef): Allah ki Sifaat ke kaifiyat (jaise “Woh kaise sunta hai?”) poochna makhlooq ki hadd uspar lagana hai, jo batil hai.
Allah ke Naam aur Sifaat ke Dars o Tadrees ke Faiday-
1. Iman ki Gehrai (Iman): Allah ki kamaliyat ko uske Naam aur Sifaat se samajhna insan ka Allah se talluq mazboot karta hai. Uski Rehmat se umeed aur Insaaf se hisaab aur adl ka ehsaas paida hota hai.
2. Ibadat ki Islaah (Ibadah): Allah ko uske Naamon se pehchanna (jaise Al-Ghaffar, Al-Hakeem) ibadat ko khauf, muhabbat aur ta’azeem se bharta hai.
3. Gumrahi se Bachana: Tawheed ka yeh darja aisi theological (Aqeeday ki) ghaltiyon se bachata hai jaise Sifaat ka inkaar ya tashbeeh, jo firqon jaise Mu’tazila aur Mushabbiha ko gumrah kar chuke hain.
4. Aajizi paida karna: Allah ki azmat ko samajh kar insan apni mehdoodiyat (limitation) yaad karta hai, jis se aajizi (humility) aur Allah par tawakkul barhta hai.
Conclusion-
Tawheed Al-Asma was-Sifath na sirf aik ilmi mawzu nahi, balke aik aisa aqeedah hai jo Musalman ke Allah se rishte ko badalta hai. Quran aur Sunnah ko pakad kar, ghalat tareeqe se bachte hue, aur Allah ki kamaliyat (excellence) par ghaur karte hue, momin apne Iman ko raushan aur apne Rab se qareeb paate hain.
Ek shakhs Imam Malik ke paas aaya aur kaha: “Aye Abu Abdullah! Allah ne farmaya: {Ar-Rahman Arsh par Istawa huwa}, un ka Istiwa kaise hua?”
Imam Malik ne apna sar jhuka liya aur unhe zor se pasine aane lagay, phir unhon ne kaha: «Istiwa maloom hai, Kayf (kaise) ka samajhna mumkin nahi, is par eemaan laana farz hai, aur is ke baare mein sawal karna bid’at hai, aur mujhe nahi lagta ke tum is ke siwa kuch ho, magar ek bidati.»
Allah hum sab ko apni Tawheed ko ilm aur amal ke sath qaim rakhne ki taufeeq de. Ameen.
-by Mohammed bin Thajammul Hussain Manna.
Saheehus-Seerah 