Question: What is the ruling on the Udhiyah? And is it permissible on behalf of the deceased?
Answer: The Udhiyah is a confirmed Sunnah (Sunnah Mu’akkadah) according to the majority of scholars, because he (SallAllahu ‘alayhi wa sallam) offered a sacrifice and encouraged his Ummah to offer the Udhiyah. The basic principle is that it is required at its prescribed time from a living person for himself and his household, and he may include whomever he wishes, living or deceased, in its reward.
As for the Udhiyah on behalf of the deceased: if the deceased had bequeathed it in, for example, one-third of his wealth, or designated it in an endowment (Waqf) for himself, it is obligatory upon the administrator of the Waqf or the executor of the will to carry it out. If he did not bequeath it, nor designate an endowment for it, and a person wishes to offer an Udhiyah on behalf of his father, mother, or someone else, then this is good (Hasan). This is considered a type of charity (Sadaqah) on behalf of the deceased, and giving charity on their behalf is permissible according to the view of Ahl As-Sunnah wa Al-Jama’ah.
As for giving the price of the Udhiyah as charity, based on the notion that it is better than slaughtering it: if the Udhiyah was explicitly stipulated in the Waqf or the will, it is not permissible for the agent to deviate from that to giving its price as charity. However, if it is a voluntary act on behalf of someone else, then the matter is broad. As for the Udhiyah offered by a living Muslim for himself and his household, it is a confirmed Sunnah for one who is able to do so, and slaughtering it is better than giving its price as charity. And with Allah is the granting of success. (End of the answer.)
Published in (Nashrat Al-Hisbah), Issue 17, in the months of Dhu Al-Qa’dah and Dhu Al-Hijjah, 1417 H. (Majmu’ Fatawa wa Maqalat Ash-Shaykh Ibn Baz 18/40).
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